{"id":1379,"date":"2023-11-20T16:09:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T16:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/?p=1379"},"modified":"2023-11-24T12:19:37","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T12:19:37","slug":"north-of-england-living-lab-agroforestry-for-sustainable-farming-and-biodiversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/north-of-england-living-lab-agroforestry-for-sustainable-farming-and-biodiversity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9szak-angliai Living Lab: Agroerd\u00e9szet a fenntarthat\u00f3 gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s\u00e9rt \u00e9s a biol\u00f3giai sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g\u00e9rt"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Cockle Park<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g \u00e9szak-angliai \u00e9l\u0151 laborat\u00f3riuma Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland \u00e9s Cumbria megy\u00e9ket foglalja mag\u00e1ban. Angli\u00e1nak ez a r\u00e9gi\u00f3ja h\u0171v\u00f6sebb, mint a d\u00e9li, nyugaton (Cumbria) nagy mennyis\u00e9g\u0171 csapad\u00e9kkal, keleten pedig alacsonyabb csapad\u00e9kmennyis\u00e9ggel. Az alacsonyabban fekv\u0151 ter\u00fcleteken a f\u00f6ld j\u00f3 mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi min\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 (3. vagy esetenk\u00e9nt 2. oszt\u00e1ly\u00fa egyes ter\u00fcleteken), \u00e9s alkalmas sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldi n\u00f6v\u00e9nytermeszt\u00e9sre \u00e9s n\u00e9mi kert\u00e9szetre. A f\u00f6ldter\u00fcletek adotts\u00e1gai a tengerszint feletti magass\u00e1g n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9vel egyre korl\u00e1tozottabb\u00e1 v\u00e1lnak, \u00e9s a \"hegyvid\u00e9ki\" ter\u00fcletek k\u00f6z\u00e9 azok a ter\u00fcletek tartoznak, amelyek tengerszint feletti magass\u00e1ga meghaladja a 300 m\u00e9tert. Ezeken a ter\u00fcleteken a f\u00f6ldter\u00fcletek 4. vagy 5. oszt\u00e1ly\u00faak lehetnek, \u00e9s csak legeltet\u00e9sre vagy erd\u0151gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1sra alkalmasak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00c9l\u0151 Labor egy \u00fajonnan alakult csoport, amely olyan szem\u00e9lyekb\u0151l \u00e1ll, akiknek \u00e9rdeke a f\u00e1k integr\u00e1l\u00e1sa a r\u00e9gi\u00f3 mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi rendszereibe. A csoportban k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 gazdas\u00e1gok vesznek r\u00e9szt, amelyek elt\u00e9r\u0151 gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1si rendszerekkel \u00e9s \u00fczleti modellekkel rendelkeznek. Valamennyi gazdas\u00e1g \u00e9rdekelt abban, hogy innovat\u00edv m\u00f3dszereket tal\u00e1ljon a f\u00f6ldm\u0171vel\u00e9sre, amelyekben a f\u00e1k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 c\u00e9lokat szolg\u00e1lnak, \u00e9s hogy a f\u00f6ldjeiken m\u00e1r megl\u00e9v\u0151 f\u00e1kat a lehet\u0151 legjobban kihaszn\u00e1lj\u00e1k. Az \u00e9rintett gazdas\u00e1gok az alf\u00f6ldi ter\u00fcletek nagy potenci\u00e1llal rendelkez\u0151, j\u00f6vedelmez\u0151 sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldi n\u00f6v\u00e9nytermeszt\u00e9ssel rendelkez\u0151 ter\u00fcleteit\u0151l eg\u00e9szen a peremvid\u00e9ki r\u00e9gi\u00f3kig terjednek, ahol az els\u0151dleges c\u00e9l az \u00e1llattart\u00e1s \u00e9s a vadon \u00e9l\u0151 \u00e1llatok meg\u0151rz\u00e9se. A gazdas\u00e1gok k\u00f6z\u00fcl k\u00e9t bemutat\u00f3hely nem t\u00fal r\u00e9g\u00f3ta (kevesebb, mint \u00f6t \u00e9ve), kett\u0151 pedig v\u00e1ltozatos erd\u0151kkel rendelkezik: az \u0151si lombhullat\u00f3 \u00e9s f\u00e1s\u00edtott erd\u0151t\u0151l kezdve a kereskedelmi c\u00e9l\u00fa \u00fcltetv\u00e9nyeken \u00e1t az elm\u00falt 20 \u00e9vben telep\u00edtett erd\u0151kig. Az \u00e9l\u0151 laborat\u00f3riumban r\u00e9szt vev\u0151 gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3k \u00e9s \u00e9rdekeltek mindegyike szeretne tanulni egym\u00e1st\u00f3l, \u00e9s olyan tud\u00e1sb\u00e1zist \u00e9p\u00edteni, amely seg\u00edthet nekik \u00e9s m\u00e1soknak abban, hogy t\u00f6bb f\u00e1t \u00e9p\u00edtsenek be a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1si rendszer\u00fckbe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egyes esetekben (pl. Ings Farm<\/a>), gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsf\u00e1kat termesztenek, m\u00edg m\u00e1s esetekben t\u00fczel\u0151anyagnak sz\u00e1nt f\u00e1kat \u00fcltetnek (pl. Cockle Park<\/a>). A gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3k tiszt\u00e1ban vannak a f\u00e1k \u00e1ltal biztos\u00edthat\u00f3 t\u00f6bbf\u00e9le funkci\u00f3val, \u00e9s a csoporton bel\u00fcl k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u00e9s mutatkozik a f\u00e1knak az \u00e1llattart\u00e1si rendszerekbe val\u00f3 integr\u00e1l\u00e1sa ir\u00e1nt. A f\u00e1knak a term\u00e9nyek \u00e9s az \u00e1llat\u00e1llom\u00e1ny sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra mened\u00e9ket ny\u00fajt\u00f3 el\u0151nyei sok olyan gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3nk sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra fontosak, akik az esetenk\u00e9nt sz\u00e9ls\u0151s\u00e9ges \u00e9ghajlaton termelnek \u00e9lelmiszert. Gibside k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi gazdas\u00e1g<\/a> viszonylag magasan fekszik a z\u00f6lds\u00e9gtermeszt\u00e9shez, \u00e9s a f\u00e1kat nemcsak a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcstermeszt\u00e9shez haszn\u00e1lja, hanem sz\u00e9lv\u00e9d\u0151k\u00e9nt is. A hegyvid\u00e9ki ter\u00fcleteken az \u00e1llatteny\u00e9szt\u00e9s (pl. Gowbarrow Hall Farm<\/a> \u00e9s Mindrum Estate<\/a>) haszn\u00e1t veszik a f\u00e1k \u00e1ltal ny\u00fajtott mened\u00e9knek, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a t\u00e9li h\u00f3napokban. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3nk azt is felismerte, hogy a j\u00f6v\u0151ben p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi el\u0151ny\u00f6kkel j\u00e1rhat az a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3, akinek f\u00e1k vannak a f\u00f6ldj\u00e9n, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul mag\u00e1nfinansz\u00edroz\u00e1sb\u00f3l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Az \u00e9szak-angliai \u00e9l\u0151 laborat\u00f3rium 2023 m\u00e1jus v\u00e9g\u00e9n tartotta els\u0151 tal\u00e1lkoz\u00f3j\u00e1t, ahol a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3k \u00e9s m\u00e1s \u00e9rdekelt felek, akik akad\u00e9mikusokat\/tud\u00f3sokat, az \u00e1gazatban m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 j\u00f3t\u00e9konys\u00e1gi szervezetek tagjait, gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3kat \u00e9s k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi szervez\u0151ket k\u00e9pviseltek, tal\u00e1lkoztak \u00e9s tapasztalatokat \u00e9s \u00f6tleteket cser\u00e9ltek az agr\u00e1rerd\u00e9szetr\u0151l. Az azonos\u00edtott kih\u00edv\u00e1sok k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozott a f\u00e1k telep\u00edt\u00e9se olyan rendszerekben, amelyekben \u00e1llattart\u00e1s is van, a vadon \u00e9l\u0151 \u00e1llatok \u00e1ltal az \u00fajonnan \u00fcltetett f\u00e1kban okozott k\u00e1rok, valamint a p\u00e1sztor- \u00e9s erd\u0151gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1s k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szakad\u00e9k lek\u00fczd\u00e9se. Az \u00e1llattart\u00e1st is mag\u00e1ban foglal\u00f3 rendszerekben a legjobb fafajok kiv\u00e1laszt\u00e1sa is kih\u00edv\u00e1st jelent: melyek a megfelel\u0151 fafajok, amelyek j\u00f3 takarm\u00e1nyt \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati hasznot ny\u00fajtanak a b\u00faj\u00f3 \u00e1llat\u00e1llom\u00e1ny sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra? Az agr\u00e1r-erd\u00e9szeti rendszerekb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 egy\u00e9rtelm\u0171 j\u00f6vedelem\u00e1raml\u00e1s szint\u00e9n akad\u00e1lyk\u00e9nt mer\u00fclt fel, ami megakad\u00e1lyozza, hogy t\u00f6bb gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3 alkalmazza ezeket a gyakorlatokat. Az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gban az agr\u00e1rerd\u00e9szetre vonatkoz\u00f3 \u00f6sszehangolt politika hi\u00e1ny\u00e1t nevezt\u00e9k meg olyan t\u00e9nyez\u0151k\u00e9nt, amelyek k\u00e9sleltetik az agr\u00e1rerd\u00e9szet elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9t az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gban. Az agroerd\u00e9szet f\u0151 probl\u00e9m\u00e1inak \u00c9szak-Angli\u00e1ban a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151ket tekintett\u00e9k: 1) Hogyan lehet jav\u00edtani az agroerd\u00e9szet gazdas\u00e1goss\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s megmutatni, hogy \u00e9letk\u00e9pes aj\u00e1nlat; 2) Hogyan \u00e9p\u00edthetj\u00fck fel a mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi ismereteket \u00e9s k\u00e9szs\u00e9geket a gazd\u00e1lkod\u00f3 k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gben; 3) Hogyan lehet a fiatal f\u00e1kat telep\u00edteni \u00e9s megv\u00e9deni a legeltet\u00e9s \u00e9s a k\u00e1rtev\u0151k ellen; 4) Hogyan lehet bizony\u00edtani az erdei legeltet\u00e9s el\u0151nyeit (az \u00e1llatok j\u00f3l\u00e9te \u00e9s az erd\u0151k biol\u00f3giai sokf\u00e9les\u00e9ge szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l); \u00e9s 5) Az \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9ma-tervez\u00e9s hi\u00e1nya az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1g agroerd\u00e9szet\u00e9ben. A j\u00f6v\u0151ben rem\u00e9lhet\u0151leg a facsemeteipart, valamint az erd\u00e9szek \u00e9s a fogyaszt\u00f3k k\u00e9pviselet\u00e9t ell\u00e1t\u00f3 \u00e9rdekeltek bevon\u00e1s\u00e1val, valamint a Newcastle-i Egyetem Agroforestry Futures projektj\u00e9nek csapat\u00e1val val\u00f3 szoros egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9ssel (https:\/\/www.uktreescapes.org\/projects\/agroforestry-futures\/<\/a>), hogy kisz\u00e9les\u00edts\u00e9k a tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gek hat\u00f3k\u00f6r\u00e9t, \u00e9s hasznot h\u00fazzanak a m\u0171v\u00e9szekkel, modellez\u0151kkel \u00e9s a sz\u00e9lesebb t\u00e1rsadalommal folytatott interdiszciplin\u00e1ris munk\u00e1jukb\u00f3l. A csoport \u00fagy l\u00e1tja, hogy az olyan modellek, mint a FarmTree, a k\u00f6zjavak eszk\u00f6ze \u00e9s az \u00f6kosziszt\u00e9ma-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok elemz\u00e9se szerves r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezik majd az \u00c9l\u0151laborban felmer\u00fcl\u0151 kutat\u00e1si k\u00e9rd\u00e9seknek, amelyek az \u00e9lelmiszertermel\u00e9s, a biol\u00f3giai sokf\u00e9les\u00e9g \u00e9s a sz\u00e9n-dioxid-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s k\u00f6r\u00e9 \u00e9p\u00fclnek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Gibside k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi farm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Gowbarrow Hall Farm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Ings farm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Mindrum Estate<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cockle Park The UK North of England Living Lab spans the counties of Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland and Cumbria. This region of England is cooler than the south with high rainfall […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1380,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1379"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1593,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379\/revisions\/1593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}