{"id":1379,"date":"2023-11-20T16:09:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T16:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/?p=1379"},"modified":"2023-11-24T12:19:37","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T12:19:37","slug":"north-of-england-living-lab-agroforestry-for-sustainable-farming-and-biodiversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/north-of-england-living-lab-agroforestry-for-sustainable-farming-and-biodiversity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017div\u00e1 laborato\u0159 na severu Anglie: Agrolesnictv\u00ed pro udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a biodiverzitu"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Cockle Park<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u017div\u00e1 laborato\u0159 na sevreu Anglie zahrnuje hrabstv\u00ed Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland a Cumbria. Tato oblast Anglie je chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jih s vysok\u00fdm sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fdm \u00fahrnem na z\u00e1pad\u011b (Cumbria) a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm na v\u00fdchod\u011b. P\u016fda v n\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017een\u00fdch oblastech je vhodn\u00e1 pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (3. stupe\u0148 nebo p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b 2. v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech) a je vhodn\u00e1 pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin na orn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy zahradnictv\u00ed. S rostouc\u00ed nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou se p\u016fda st\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b vhodnou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \"horsk\u00e9\" oblasti jsou klasifikov\u00e1ny jako oblasti s nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 300 m. V t\u011bchto oblastech m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt p\u016fda stupe\u0148 4 nebo 5 a je vhodn\u00e1 pouze pro pastvu nebo lesnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017div\u00e1 laborato\u0159 je nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 skupina osob se z\u00e1jmem o za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed strom\u016f do zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f v tomto regionu. Zahrnuje r\u016fznorod\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br farem s kontrastn\u00edmi zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my a obchodn\u00edmi modely. V\u0161echny farmy se zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o hled\u00e1n\u00ed inovativn\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f hospoda\u0159en\u00ed na p\u016fd\u011b, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed stromy pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, a o zp\u016fsoby optim\u00e1ln\u00edho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed strom\u016f, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e na jejich pozemc\u00edch jsou. Zapojen\u00e9 farmy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed oblasti v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch s vysok\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem pro ziskovou produkci plodin na orn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a\u017e po okrajov\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 oblasti, kde je hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem pastva hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a ochrana voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f. Dv\u011b z demonstra\u010dn\u00edch farem nejsou zalo\u017eeny p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u011bt let) a dv\u011b maj\u00ed r\u016fznorodou sm\u011bs lesn\u00edch porost\u016f; od star\u00fdch listnat\u00fdch les\u016f a v\u00fdmladkov\u00fdch les\u016f a\u017e po komer\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdsadby a lesy vys\u00e1zen\u00e9 v posledn\u00edch 20 letech. V\u0161ichni zem\u011bd\u011blci a z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 strany v \u017eiv\u00e9 laborato\u0159i se maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem u\u010dit se od sebe navz\u00e1jem a budovat znalostn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu, kter\u00e1 pom\u016f\u017ee jim i ostatn\u00edm l\u00e9pe integrovat stromy do sv\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech (nap\u0159. Farma Ings Farm<\/a>) se p\u011bstuj\u00ed stromy pro ovoce, zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se vysazuj\u00ed stromy pro palivo (nap\u0159. Cockle Park<\/a>). Zem\u011bd\u011blci jsou si v\u011bdomi rozmanit\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou stromy plnit, a ve skupin\u011b je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1jem o za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed strom\u016f do syst\u00e9m\u016f s hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Pro mnoho na\u0161ich zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed produkuj\u00ed potraviny v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt okrajov\u00e9, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos strom\u016f jako \u00fakrytu pro plodiny a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Komunitn\u00ed farm\u011b Gibside<\/a> se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce pro produkci zeleniny a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 stromy nejen pro produkci ovoce, ale tak\u00e9 jako v\u011btrolam. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata v horsk\u00fdch oblastech (tj. Farma Gowbarrow Hall<\/a> a Mindrum Estate<\/a>) budou m\u00edt prosp\u011bch z \u00fakrytu, kter\u00fd stromy poskytuj\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161i zem\u011bd\u011blci si tak\u00e9 uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed na sv\u00fdch pozemc\u00edch stromy, mohou b\u00fdt v budoucnu finan\u010dn\u011b odm\u011bn\u011bni, tj. ze soukrom\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koncem kv\u011btna 2023 se konalo prvn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 laborato\u0159e na severu Anglie, kde se setkali zem\u011bd\u011blci a dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e9 zastupovali akademici\/v\u011bdci, \u010dlenov\u00e9 charitativn\u00edch organizac\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00edch v tomto odv\u011btv\u00ed, zem\u011bd\u011blci a komunitn\u00ed organiz\u00e1to\u0159i, a vym\u011b\u0148ovali si zku\u0161enosti a n\u00e1pady t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se agrolesnictv\u00ed. Identifikovan\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy zahrnovaly zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed strom\u016f do syst\u00e9m\u016f zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch dobytek, po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou divok\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata zp\u016fsobit nov\u011b vysazen\u00fdm strom\u016fm, a p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rozd\u00edlu mezi pastevectv\u00edm a lesn\u00edm zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm. V\u00fdzvou je tak\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011br nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f strom\u016f pro syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata; jak\u00e9 druhy jsou vhodn\u00e9, aby poskytovaly dobr\u00e9 krmivo a l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky pro p\u0159e\u017evykuj\u00edc\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata? Jasn\u00fd zdroj p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z agrolesnick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f byl tak\u00e9 ozna\u010den za p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku, kter\u00e1 br\u00e1n\u00ed tomu, aby se do t\u011bchto postup\u016f zapojilo v\u00edce zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f. Za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed agrolesnictv\u00ed ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed byl ozna\u010den nedostatek koordinovan\u00e9 politiky pro agrolesnictv\u00ed ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Za hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, kter\u00fdm agrolesnictv\u00ed v severn\u00ed Anglii \u010del\u00ed, byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny tyto: 1) Jak zlep\u0161it ekonomiku agrolesnictv\u00ed a uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee jde o \u017eivotaschopnou nab\u00eddku; 2) Jak budovat zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 znalosti a dovednosti v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 komunit\u011b; 3) Jak zakl\u00e1dat a chr\u00e1nit mlad\u00e9 stromky p\u0159ed pastvou a \u0161k\u016fdci; 4) Jak prok\u00e1zat v\u00fdhody (z hlediska welfare zv\u00ed\u0159at a biodiverzity les\u016f) lesn\u00ed pastvy; a 5) Nedostatek ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho designu v agrolesnictv\u00ed ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii. Do budoucna se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se zapojen\u00edm z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran, kter\u00e9 zastupuj\u00ed pr\u016fmysl v\u00fdroby sazenic stromk\u016f, a tak\u00e9 lesn\u00edk\u016f a spot\u0159ebitel\u016f, a s \u00fazkou spoluprac\u00ed s t\u00fdmem projektu Agroforestry Futures na univerzit\u011b v Newcastlu (https:\/\/www.uktreescapes.org\/projects\/agroforestry-futures\/<\/a>), aby se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il z\u00e1b\u011br aktivit a vyu\u017eilo se jejich mezioborov\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce s um\u011blci, model\u00e1\u0159i a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed. . Skupina vn\u00edm\u00e1, \u017ee modely jako FarmTree, Public Goods Tool a anal\u00fdza ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb budou ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek v r\u00e1mci \u017eiv\u00e9 laborato\u0159e, kter\u00e1 se bude zam\u011b\u0159ovat na potravinovou produkci, biodiverzitu a uhl\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
Komunitn\u00ed farma Gibside<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Farma Gowbarrow Hall<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Farma Ings<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Mindrum Estate<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cockle Park The UK North of England Living Lab spans the counties of Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland and Cumbria. This region of England is cooler than the south with high rainfall […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1380,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"wds_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1379"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1593,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1379\/revisions\/1593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1380"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agroreforest.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}